A Brief Note On Diabetic Kidney Disease ( Dkd ) - 1108 Words

Diabetic Kidney Disease Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is defined kidney disease attributed to diabetes (versus chronic kidney disease, which may be due to numerous etiologies including diabetes). ADA recommends screening for nephropathy 5 years after diagnosis for type 1 diabetes and at diagnosis for type 2 diabetes. Screening includes urine albumin excretion (albumin/gr creatinine). ADA no longer uses the terms â€Å"micro ( 30 ug/mg Cr) and macroalbuminuria ( ug/mg Cr)†, but defines albuminuria as a continuum. The term â€Å"microalbuminuria† implies less serious disease, which is not true. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used to assess kidney function. Since it is difficult to measure GFR directly, the secretion of an endogenous filtration marker (e.g. serum creatinine) is used to estimated GFR (eGFR). eGFR depends on age, gender, weight and ethnicity. Younger people have higher eGFR due to more muscle mass and average creatinine generation rate (ref NKF FAQ GFR). Since nephropathy is linked with hypertension, providers should closely monitor blood pressure (ref). Diabetic kidney disease may be preventable, so it is important for pediatric health care professionals to understand screening, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options. Overt diabetic kidney disease remains uncommon in youth. Although one retrospective study in type 1 diabetes subjects found that end-stage renal disease occurred in 2.9% of its population, with a significant association

Alcohol And Substance Abuse ( Public Health England, 2016...

In the year 2015-2016, 288,843 people undertook treatment for alcohol and substance abuse (Public Health England, 2016). The therapies that they received in their treatment are based upon well-evidenced theories including those that focus upon biological, learning and cognitive explanations in relation to addiction in an attempt to reduce desires and cravings for substances. Reber and Reber (2001) define addiction as any psychological or physiological overdependence of an organism on a drug (p.11). In order to develop useful therapies, these theories and their worth must be evaluated and the contribution each aspect contributes to developing a therapy. There is evidence that all of the above aspects of addiction are useful and needed in therapy, and it is concluded that despite some evidence of each explanation having good efficacy in therapy options, all factors should be considered in therapy to provide the best, most useful therapy for addiction. More specifically than addiction, this essay assumes that addicts are those with Substance Use Disorders which can differ in severity, as outlined by The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th Edition (DSM-V) (Compton, Dawson, Goldstein Grant, 2013). Hearon, McHugh and Otto (2010) define Substance Use Disorder as the dysfunctional recurrent use of psychoactive substances that is associated with significant disability and distress. Whilst current research suggests that it is not only substances that a person can be addicted toShow MoreRelatedThere Are Many Social And Health Needs Of Prisoners, Some1332 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many social and health needs of prisoners, some of which have an impact on the wider community. 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Like other chronic diseases, depressionRead MoreA Broken Class System?. The Misuse Of Drugs Act 1971 Implements1484 Words   |  6 Pagesharm. From the above chart, it can be seen that alcohol is, my some margin, the most dangerous drug. Why is it the that alcohol remains legal yet it is still illegal if an adult in the UK decides that they want to take LCD or smoke cannabis they can find themselves with a criminal record and even a prison sentence? Reasons for Reform? Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the UK, in the crime survey for England and wales 2015/2016, it was reported that 6.5% of adults aged 16-59 reportedRead MoreMental Illness Is Defined As A â€Å"Disease That Causes Mild1816 Words   |  8 Pagescope with life’s ordinary demands or routines† (Anonymous, 2016). When people hear of mental illnesses changing behaviour it’s safe to assume they immediately think of violent and agitated people like those portrayed in the media, movies and news pieces alike. These assumptions have some significance in everyday life as it is reported that one-third of the public think people with mental illness are more likely to be violent.† (Regan, 2016), a statistic which is supported by studies conducted in GermanyRead MoreThe Young Women s Christian Organization Traces Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe social organization in my local area that I chose to write about is the YWCA. The Young Women’s Chr istian Organization traces its roots back to the Victorian Era England, where two separate organizations, Emma Robart’s prayer Union and Mary Jane Kinnard’s General Female Training Institute, were chartered in 1855. As the industrial revolution brought sweeping changes to establish ideology of women’s place in the home, these two initiatives shared a concern, for the physical, mental, and spiritualRead MoreAddiction : The Moral Model Of Addiction Essay2483 Words   |  10 PagesPart A How does the disease model of addiction differ from the moral model of addiction? The disease model of addiction and the moral model of addiction provide completely different explanation for the tendency of substance abuse. The disease model of addiction predates to 1784 when the American physician Benjamin Rush published a pamphlet which discussed alcoholism in medical terms and outlined treatments for what he considered was a â€Å"disease† (Atkins, 2014, p. 52). This model of addiction generallyRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1801 Words   |  8 PagesLegalized? What can be considered by far the most terrible evil, exciting an increasing number of very young people who cannot in consequence of the normal full life? 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The Ukrainian Genocide Essay Example For Students

The Ukrainian Genocide Essay When one man dies its a tragedy. When thousands die its statistics-these are the words of Joseph Stalin, a man who understood that killing was a tool; properly used it could eliminate enemies, terrorize survivors into submission, and overwhelm outsiders beyond their ability to intervene (Altman 41). The Soviet government claims that the famine of 1932-1933 was due to conditions beyond human control, that it was an unfortunate but unintended consequence of the collectivization effort (Altman 47). The reality is that this disaster was not the result of inflation, crop failure, natural disasters, nor war. The shocking truth, which has been buried under sixty-five years of Soviet propaganda and Western corruption, is that the famine was engineered by Stalin and used as a weapon to annihilate between seven and ten million Ukrainians. Realizing that the Soviet Union was fifty to one hundred years behind the advanced countries, Stalin devised a Five-Year Plan to industrialize the nation. Modernization was expensive, and in order to fund his new project, Stalin knew that the Soviet Union needed to increase its agricultural exports. To accomplish this he outlawed the private ownership of land and organized collective farms. Stalin demanded collective workers give a huge majority of their crops to the government. The Ukrainians, a fiercely independent group, opposed Stalins plan. Many refused to surrender their land. Some burned their crops and slaughtered their cattle in protest (Glennon 207). Millions more left the farms for cities, seeking jobs in the developing industry, which drastically hurt food production. Penalties for resisting the collectivization drive were forced labor camps or execution (Glennon 207). Stalins first attempt at collectivization failed. Collectives produced less food than independent farms had. Determined to succeed in his efforts, in July of 1932, he raised the grain quota to an impossible 6. 6 millions tons (Altman 44). Even after Stalin ordered all peasants to surrender their entire grain crop, leaving nothing for themselves, the quota was not met. In one year seven to ten million Ukrainians perished from starvation. Of these, three million were children under the age of seven (Spiking the Ukrainian Famine, Again 33). The Soviet government denied any existence of a terror famine, although it did admit that Stalin continued with the campaign even after learning of its toll on the peasantry (Denying the Terror Famine 2). It estimated a death toll only in the thousands and regarded these as necessary casualties in the interest of increased productivity. The Soviet Union also insisted that it was misfortune and not malice that caused the Ukrainian difficulties (Altman 47). It called Ukrainian accusations of genocide fraudulent, claiming such allegations were a ploy to conceal Ukrainian-Nazi collaboration (Denying the Terror Famine 4). No amount of Soviet sugar-coating can hide the evil truth behind the government-created famine of 1932-1933. There is no denying that it was an attempt to destroy the independently spirited people of the Ukraine who were a threat to Stalins revolution and Russian domination. The well-fed, smiling farmers on Soviet propaganda posters never existed (Procyk 31). Instead, hunger-stricken men, women, and children lay swollen and dying on land that used to be their own (Glennon 207). Stalin dispatched special brigades to the Ukraine to find and seize private food stashes. These brigades consisted of 100,000 terrorists, ex-convicts, and Communist party officials (Spiking the Ukrainian Famine, Again 33; Altman 45). They entered the homes of every peasant, breaking into walls and digging up earth, in which peasants tried to hide their last handfuls of food. Officials also analyzed fecal matter to learn whether the peasants had stolen government property and were eating grain (Altman 45). Anyone found possessing government crops was considered an enemy of the people and was subject to execution (Altman 45). All food was forcefully removed from Ukrainian villages. .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .postImageUrl , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:hover , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:visited , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:active { border:0!important; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:active , .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6 .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u839c4572bf5c6d81094877b66b5981e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World Hunger Essay Food was so scarce that people began eating anything they could find: roots, bark, corn stalks, clover, even tadpoles (Procyk 31). Dogs and cats quickly became less likely to be seen roaming the streets and more likely to be seen on the dinner table. When Soviet officials became aware that pets were being eaten, they too were removed (Spiking the Ukrainian Famine, Again 33). Nightingales, the Ukrainian symbol, were trapped in large quantities and slaughtered by .

Us Election Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family

Us Election - American Election 2000 - - Economic Look at Democrats and Republicans - -Cole Loughery- Overview of the American Economy The American economy has been skyrocketing during the past decade. Growth in fields such as output, price stability, consumer demand, labor markets, and productivity have been increasing at an alarming rate. This over flow of growth occurring within the country has brought a sense of safety to the American people and with increased spending based on the wealth effect the American economy looks to be evermore prosperous in the years to come. Al Gore- Democrats Al Gore, the leader for the Democrat party, supports many freewill movements and has a firm understanding of the countrys future development. Gore is an avid believer in expanding the United States to encompass a more world wide approach at economics, such as enabling NAFTA to extend southward. Strongly supports cutting taxes and putting money back into the system to encourage future profits enabling for the tax cuts. More money going into the system gives ore money back tot he government and without taxation making both the government and the people benefit. George Bush- Republicans George Bush, the leader for the Republican party, strongly believes in conservative views and the welfare of the people. Bushs ideals are more traditional and are shaped towards the white, heterosexual, over 40 year old man, which holds the majority in the United States. Supports cutting taxes and taking the money the government has and increase spending in public affairs to benefit the people. Eliminating the debt and estate tax are important also but with no increase in governmental profit. Issues Democrats Republicans Taxation- Healthcare- 15 percent cut in tax rates, providing greatest benefit to the rich. Favors 50 percent reduction in capital gains tax. Supports $500 per child tax credit. No mention of Comprehensive health care guarantees. Supports allowing of workers to retain health insurance while shifting jobs, nothing for uninsured. Maintaining existing tax structure, with only minor changes, favoring the rich. Supports $500 per child tax credit, $1 500 tax credit for community college. Opposes any expansion of federal programs or guaranties of health care. Privatization of Medicare. Mainly good for the rich, elderly, and veterans. Education- Social Security- Debt + Deficit- Environment- Abolishing of the Department of Education. Promotes private schools against public education. Better for richer families. Encourages school prayer and patriotism. Cuts in spending and more restrictions. Eliminate food stamps and school lunch program. Very difficult for welfare cases. Cutting of $1 trillion from federal programs, Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. Bad for poor. Supports increased control over environmental policies. Supports conservation partnerships. Gains for all.Limits the funding for improvements in public schools. Difficult for poor children. Encourages the use of metal detectors and uniforms to restore school discipline. Intends in ending poor families economic assistance from federal government. Supports cutoff of all aid after 5 years. Cutting $250 billion in spending over five years. 240 000 federal jobs. Gains mainly for wealthy. Increase funding for clean water and opposes off-shore drilling on undeveloped leases. Gains for all. Military-Supports national missel defense program. Reducing nuclear stockpiles.Supports national missel defense program. Investment into defense technology. Seemingly good. Individual Profiles 1- Vice President of Microsoft This person would probably vote for Bush and the Republicans because there economic policies tend to flow more towards the wealthy in the way of providing greatest benefits to the rich. Also there child attends private school which Bush highly recommends. Privatizing healthcare would make the best care possible but only for the wealthy. 2- Elementary School Teacher This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies on poverty are less strenuous than that of the Republican giving the people more time to get back on their feet instead of just cutting them off. Also since she is a school teacher and Bush intends on abolishing the Department of Education she would not vote for him. 3- Retail Worker This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies agree with her own more than the Republicans. Healthcare aids this person because it can help retail workers. Tax cuts hurt this person less than those of the Republicans. 4- Welfare Recipient This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies on education can aid his children because he would not be